Excess refers to a research area that focuses on identifying and understanding situations where there is an overabundance or surplus of a particular resource, product, or phenomenon. This could include excess energy production, excess waste generation, excess consumption, or excess availability of a certain product or service. Researchers in this area may explore the causes and consequences of excess, as well as potential strategies for managing or reducing it. Overall, the goal of excess research is to promote sustainability, efficiency, and responsible resource management.