Modulation is a fundamental concept in communication systems that involves varying one or more properties of a carrier signal in order to encode information for transmission. This can include changing the amplitude, frequency, or phase of the carrier signal to represent data. Modulation techniques are used in a wide range of applications, including radio broadcasting, telecommunications, and wireless networking. By manipulating the carrier signal in this way, a signal can be transmitted efficiently and accurately over long distances. Modulation is essential for enabling communication between devices and networks, and plays a crucial role in modern communication technologies.