Near-surface geophysics is a branch of geophysics that focuses on the study and imaging of the Earth's subsurface within the top few meters to a few hundred meters below the surface. This area of research typically involves the use of various geophysical methods, such as ground-penetrating radar, electrical resistivity, seismic refraction, and magnetic surveys, to investigate the shallow subsurface for geological, environmental, and engineering purposes. Near-surface geophysics is commonly used in a wide range of applications, including groundwater exploration, mineral exploration, archaeological investigations, environmental site assessments, and civil engineering projects. By providing detailed images and information about the subsurface, near-surface geophysics can help scientists and engineers better understand and manage the Earth's resources and infrastructure.