Ovariectomy is a surgical procedure in which one or both ovaries are removed from a female animal or human. This procedure is often done for medical reasons, such as to treat ovarian cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome, or other gynecological disorders. Ovariectomy is also commonly performed in research studies to investigate the effects of removing ovarian hormones on various physiological and behavioral outcomes. This research area has contributed valuable insights into the role of ovarian hormones in regulating female reproductive function, metabolism, cognition, and mood.