Speciation is the process by which new species arise from existing ones. It is a fundamental concept in evolutionary biology and plays a crucial role in understanding the diversity of life on Earth. Speciation can occur through various mechanisms, such as geographical isolation, genetic divergence, and natural selection. Researchers study speciation to better understand how and why new species emerge, as well as the factors that contribute to the maintenance of species diversity. By investigating the processes and patterns of speciation, scientists can gain insights into the mechanisms driving evolution and the origin of biodiversity.